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Tax & HMRC

Understanding how tax works is essential if you’re self-employed.

This section covers everything you need to know about Income Tax, National Insurance, Self Assessment, VAT, and staying on the right side of HMRC.

Whether you’re just starting out as a sole trader or need help with deadlines, penalties or Making Tax Digital (MTD), our no-nonsense guides can help!

Start with these guides

  • How does self assessment work if you’re self-employed?
  • What is Making Tax Digital (MTD) for Income Tax?
  • What taxes do you pay if you work for yourself?
  • Use our 2025/26 tax year sole trader calculator
  • What is VAT and when do you have to register?
business rates self employed

Business rates and small business rate relief explained

September 2, 2025
Business rates are the non-domestic equivalent of council tax. How they are calculated, multipliers for 2025/26, and how small business rate relief works.
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unique taxpayer reference UTR

UTR number explained – what it is, when you need one, and how to get it

August 23, 2025
A Unique Taxpayer Reference (UTR) is a 10-digit code from HMRC used for tax. Find out when you get one, why it matters, and how to register or recover it.
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child benefit high income charge self employed

High Income Child Benefit Charge – what self-employed people need to know

August 8, 2025
Guide to the High Income Child Benefit Charge for self-employed parents. How it works, who it affects, deadlines, NI credits, and planned 2026 changes.
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sole trader tax calculator

Sole trader tax and National Insurance calculator – 2025/26

August 8, 2025
Calculate how much tax you’ll pay as a sole trader in 2025/26, including income tax and National Insurance, based on your business profits after expenses.
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self assessment help

Self assessment tax return help for sole traders

August 8, 2025
Self Assessment guide for sole traders. Covers who must file, deadlines, payments on account, penalties, and how to register with HMRC.
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vat threshold problems self employed

Why the VAT registration threshold is a problem for small businesses

August 7, 2025
The £90,000 VAT threshold often holds small businesses back. This guide explains why some avoid registering, and what the experts say.
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flat rate vat self employed

How the Flat Rate VAT Scheme works (and the Limited Cost Trader rule)

August 5, 2025
Guide to the Flat Rate VAT Scheme for sole traders and small businesses. How it works, the latest HMRC rules, and when the Limited Cost Trader rate applies.
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capital allowances self employed AIA

Claiming capital allowances as a sole trader – what’s allowed

August 1, 2025
A practical guide to capital allowances for sole traders, including what you can claim, current rates, and how the rules differ from limited companies.
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register for making tax digital MTD

How to register for Making Tax Digital for Income Tax (MTD ITSA)

July 31, 2025
Learn how to sign up for Making Tax Digital for Income Tax as a sole trader. Step-by-step guide, software tips, and what you need to register.
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hmrc trading allowance 1000

What is the £1,000 trading allowance – how does it work?

July 29, 2025
How the UK trading allowance works, who can use it, when to register with HMRC, and what changes with the new £3,000 threshold from 2027.
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Brand new ByteStart guides
  • Accounting deadlines every self-employed person should know
  • Public liability insurance for sole traders (when you need it and when you don’t)
  • How to successfully start a small business in the evenings



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