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Tax & HMRC

Understanding how tax works is essential if you’re self-employed.

This section explains how the UK tax system applies to sole traders, including Income Tax, National Insurance, Self Assessment, and VAT.

You’ll also find guides covering common issues such as tax deadlines, penalties, record-keeping requirements, and the upcoming Making Tax Digital (MTD) rules.

Whether you’re just starting out or want to make sure you’re meeting HMRC’s requirements, these guides explain the key rules in plain English.

Start with these guides

  • What taxes do you pay if you work for yourself?
  • How does Self Assessment work if you’re self-employed?
  • What is Making Tax Digital (MTD) for Income Tax?
  • What is VAT and when do you have to register?
  • Use our sole trader tax calculator

Self Assessment and tax returns

  • Common Self Assessment mistakes
  • How long you must keep tax records
  • How to register for Making Tax Digital
  • MTD deadlines explained

National Insurance and allowances

  • National Insurance for the self-employed
  • The trading allowance explained
  • High income child benefit charge
  • Student loan repayments for the self-employed

VAT and business taxes

  • VAT threshold explained
  • VAT guide for small businesses
  • Flat Rate VAT scheme explained

Tax mistakes and common problems

  • Registered twice with HMRC?
  • HMRC interest rates on late tax payments
  • Business Asset Disposal Relief explained
vat threshold problems self employed

Why the VAT registration threshold is a problem for small businesses

August 7, 2025
The £90,000 VAT threshold often holds small businesses back. This guide explains why some avoid registering, and what the experts say.
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flat rate vat self employed

How the Flat Rate VAT Scheme works (and the Limited Cost Trader rule)

August 5, 2025
Guide to the Flat Rate VAT Scheme for sole traders and small businesses. How it works, the latest HMRC rules, and when the Limited Cost Trader rate applies.
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capital allowances self employed AIA

Claiming capital allowances as a sole trader – what’s allowed

August 1, 2025
A practical guide to capital allowances for sole traders, including what you can claim, current rates, and how the rules differ from limited companies.
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register for making tax digital MTD

How to register for Making Tax Digital for Income Tax (MTD ITSA)

July 31, 2025
Learn how to sign up for Making Tax Digital for Income Tax as a sole trader. Step-by-step guide, software tips, and what you need to register.
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hmrc trading allowance 1000

What is the £1,000 trading allowance – how does it work?

July 29, 2025
How the UK trading allowance works, who can use it, when to register with HMRC, and what changes with the new £3,000 threshold from 2027.
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Can I pay myself a salary if I’m a sole trader?

July 28, 2025
Can pay yourself a salary as a sole trader? Learn how drawings work, what HMRC expects, and how to manage tax and NI when you're self-employed.
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mtd exemptions

Making Tax Digital for Income Tax: exemptions explained

July 18, 2025
A clear guide to who must follow MTD for Income Tax, who’s exempt, and the key easements available for sole traders and landlords.
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Self-employed? 31st July Payment on Account tax deadline looms

July 17, 2025
Payment on Account tax is due by 31 July. Learn who it applies to, how to pay, and what happens if you miss the deadline. Includes guides and links.
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making tax digital for income tax

Self-employed unprepared for Making Tax Digital for Income Tax (April 2026 deadline!)

April 8, 2025
With the April 2026 deadline approaching for MTD for Income Tax Self Assessment (ITSA), new research shows how unprepared the self employed are for the change.
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keep tax records how long

How long should small businesses keep tax records for?

February 25, 2025
This concise guide explains which tax records small businesses (including self-employed and limited companies) should keep and for how long.
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